Sexual Revolution through the Decades Essay Example Essay Example

Sexual Revolution through the Decades Essay Example Paper Sexual Revolution through the Decades Essay Introduction Back in the 1900s, there was a very limited knowledge about sex and birth control (Sochen 29). During this time, doctors do not examine women often because they knew almost nothing about the reproductive system and controlling conception (Sochen 29). According to the Victorian moral code, women should not discuss sex with anyone and it was considered to be a social taboo (Sochen 29). There was double standard regarding morality where manly experiences were admired and feminine chastity was required (Sochen 29). Over the years, medical technology and research regarding sex and birth control advanced throughout the decades (Sochen 29). Birth control methods are known by the people and they have been used more commonly (Sochen 29). The sexual revolution in the sixties shows how it was reminiscent of the twenties and how it heightened the level of information and perception regarding sexual matters. Decades of Sexual Revolution 1960s Sexual Revolution through the Decades Essay Body Paragraphs For most social historians, the sexual revolution was a product of the 1960s (Petigny 63). Rapid liberalization of sexual liberation rose after the rise of Alfred Kinsey and Hugh Hefner (Petigny 63). Playboy’s circulation grew from 70, 000 to more than a million and it continued to grow through the years (Marty 66). The upswing of premarital sexual behavior came in this decade after the general loosening of sexual attitudes that started a couple of decades before in the forties and the fifties (Petigny 63). During this decade, women abandoned their struggle to remain â€Å"categorized† as virgins (Petigny 63). The traditional practices of courtship rapidly disappeared in the 1960s (Marty 65). The new patterns of interaction took place that was evident of the changes in the understandings of values and presumptions of how the world works and the ideas of the relationship between men and women (Marty 65). In their vision, a good life was constituted by good sex and materi al comfort (Marty 67). It was also during this time that the Food and Drug Administration approved the marketing and use of â€Å"the pill† or oral contraceptives that loosen the remaining restraints on sexual promiscuity brought about by the fear for unwanted pregnancies (Marty 67). By 1963, more than a million women were taking this pill. However, even if premarital sexual experience was increasing during the 1960s among young women, they still represented the same girls who chose marriage and a conventional lifestyle after such premarital practices (Sochen 29). It was rare for young people to abandon those traditional modes of behavior when it came to marriage in the 1960s (Sochen 29). 1970s During the 1970s, the hippie lifestyle emerged strongly in the earlier years of the decade (Sochen 29). The feminist arguments have not changed much in hiding behind a utopian scenario over the years since the 1900s (Sochen 29). However, it was also in the beginning of this decade wher e 32 per cent general population saw marriage to be obsolete (Marty 83). There was also a decline of the young people who said that they were looking forward to marriage (Marty 83). Homosexuality also gained more prominent and distinctive lifestyles that grew much more than having sexual desires and practices (Marty 85). During this time, they were already more open in engaging in gay and lesbian relationships (Marty 85). Medical perception regarding the nature of homosexuality also changes as in 1973; the American Psychiatric Association had removed the category of homosexuality as a mental disorder (Marty 85). The public perception of homosexuals had also changed, despite the fact that there was still strong antipathy towards them in some areas; the attitudes towards individuals became more tolerant (Marty 85). When sex had become a topic open for discussion, abortion was also discussed more freely (Marty 85). It was even given more attention when the Supreme Court ruled in Roe v. Wade that abortion laws violated rights of privacy (Marty 85). During this time, more vocal and more insistent debates regarding the pro-life and pro-choice movements spurred. Pro-life movements were against abortion and wanted to protect the rights of the unborn child while the pro-choice movement wanted to protect the rights of the women to choose whether they wanted to continue the pregnancy and abort the child. It was also during this decade wherein divorce law also reflected the changing attitudes of the people about marriage and the values regarding the permanence of matrimony (Marty 183). The â€Å"no-fault† divorce was already implemented in the state of California. By 1977, all but three states has already adapted such law that resulted to the increase of divorce rates from irretrievable breakdown of marriage or irreconcilable differences (Marty 183). 1980s A study was conducted regarding the direction of the sexual revolution in the 1980s, whether it has increased the level of premarital sexual behaviors or if the people has gone conservative (Roche and Ramsbey 67). It was also a study that assessed the degree that concerned contracting AIDS in relation to premarital sex (Roche and Ramsbey 67). There result of the study was mixed; there were some evidence that perceived a more conservative position from the people (Roche and Ramsbey 67). It was evident how both males and females had more conservative attitudes and behavior about learning about AIDS (Roche and Ramsbey 67). However, there were still a percentage of females that were still sexual active. There was also greater permissiveness found in the results of the survey (Roche and Ramsbey 67). They reported to have experienced intercourse and both males and females reported to have high percentages to have experienced oral-genital stimulation (Roche and Ramsbey 67). It must be noted that the respondents of this study showed an overwhelming response toward conservatism upon hearing informat ion about AIDS (Roche and Ramsbey 67). A new batch of conservatism has been emerging in the early 1980s. It was perceived that newscasters discussed AIDS similar to the practices of the Victorian model of morality standards (Reiss and Reiss107). For instance, when television or radio announcers would talk about the cause of HIV infection being the transfer of â€Å"bodily fluids† the public is not well-informed as to what they were actually referring to (Reiss and Reiss107). It could actually refer to urine, saliva, vaginal secretions, semen and even blood (Reiss and Reiss107). Another thing is that no one spoke of anal intercourse in such a way that the people would be aware that it was much riskier than vaginal intercourse because of the conservatism that enveloped the media (Reiss and Reiss107). When Rock Hudson died, the public wanted to have more information (Reiss and Reiss107). The risk of ignorance shattered the people of power in the media and ceased the conservatism that was present in the 1980s (Reiss and Reiss107). 1990s The perception of the sexual revolution in the 1990s was more intellectual than the compared to the other decades that had passed (Reiss and Reiss 235). The segment of the population that was considered players was mostly from the college-educated segment of the country (Reiss and Reiss 235). Most of them had education beyond high school and the college-educated population upheld strong beliefs in equality and individual rights (Reiss and Reiss 235). The older baby boomers had took the positions of power and led the country into a new sexual revolution similar to that of the 1960s (Reiss and Reiss 235). Given the experiences and understanding of sexuality the people became better equipped to handle a more pluralist sexual revolution compared to the past decade. The 1990s played a role in integrating pluralist attitudes in opening sexual behaviors (Reiss and Reiss 235).Sexual crisis regarding AIDS, rape, teenage pregnancies, child sexual abuse were major pressures the sped up the move towards sexual pluralism (Reiss and Reiss 235). The basic tenets of sexual pluralism involved values of honesty, equality and responsibility (Reiss and Reiss 235). The sexual revolution of this generation pointed out a mixture of deep emotions of sexuality with a calm direction for reason (Reiss and Reiss 236). This decade replaced force and manipulation with pleasure and empathy (Reiss and Reiss 236). The New Millennium The sexual revolution established the increased level of sexual activity even among adolescents and young adults that showed a general positive attitude towards premarital sexual intercourse (Caron and Moskey 515+). The greatest importance of the increased use of condoms among sexually active adolescence was one of the focuses in this decade (Caron and Moskey 515+). In a research that compared the graduating classes of 1950, 1975 to 2000, it showed how the class of 2000 was more likely to have sexual inter course with more than one sexual partner (Caron and Moskey 515+). As mentioned, they were more likely to use birth control methods; the leading method was the use of condoms (Caron and Moskey 515+). In the classes of the past, there were few students who were having sex while they were in high school, if they did, they would do it with one partner and without protection (Caron and Moskey 515+). This generation also answered that they could openly talk about sex with their parents, their friends or with their partners that was not the case in the decades before (Caron and Moskey 515+). Such findings indicated that the new millennium generation represented a much more responsible group of adolescents who use protection and also feel comfortable about talking about their sexuality with others (Caron and Moskey 515+). 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Skepticism in Mama Day Essay

Skepticism in Mama Day Essay Skepticism in Mama Day Essay Andrew Ellison ENGL 2400 Weaver February 19, 2015 Skepticism in Mama Day In Mama Day by Gloria Naylor, George has trouble believing in Willow Springs’ magical powers and all that happens on the island. George is very doubtful of believing in superstitions. He thinks that you need to first understand the belief of having a future, in order to have forces that are able to transform it. You begin to understand how George feels about superstitions when he finally goes with Cocoa on her yearly trip to Willow Springs, which is filled with different mythical souls. George gets to experience first hand what the mysterious island is really like and all that it encompasses. In Mama Day, George is unable to see the supernatural occurrences that happen on the island of Willow Springs, resulting in severe frustration and arrogance that lasts throughout the novel. One instance where George shows his ignorance towards superstition is when he exclaims, â€Å"I may have knocked my head against the walls, figuring out how to buy food, supplies, and books, but I never knocked on wood. No rabbit's foot, no crucifixes- not even a lottery ticket† (Naylor 27). This is a very good example of how George feels towards things that are either based on luck, or just superstition. He is basically saying that he doesn’t need any kind of luck to get through life. He can focus on what he wants to do in life and get through it on his own while working very hard to do so. In a way it is understandable for him to not understand what is going on. George is an engineer who is used to working with numbers and getting outcomes that can be explained and understood. He can’t explain what’s going on on the island with science or math so it is difficult for him to get the full meaning of the mysterious things that are happening on the island. Ge orge is just not used to the things that he has experienced from the trip to Willow Springs, from New York. The combination of the trip along with the magical island, if you will, is too much for him to handle, so he got stressed out and couldn’t figure out what was going on. A second example of how George can’t handle the idea of superstitious activity and also a change in location is that he did not know what to expect and he could not plan ahead what he was going to wear on the island, because of the fact that there was not an actual location. â€Å"It’s hard to know what to expect from a place when you can’t find it on the map. Preparing for Willow Springs upset my normal agenda: a few minutes with an atlas always helped me to decide what clothes to pack, whether a raincoat would be in order or not, a light pullover for the evenings† (Naylor 174). In this quote, George is confused as to why there is not an actual location name for the island of Willow Springs. He does not understand how it is not a part of Georgia or South Carolina, and how it can be a location all by itself. Cocoa tries to explain to him that it does not belong to either place, but he does not understand. George is used to being able to calculate what he w as doing based just off of the facts and information that are given to him. But, in this situation George does not have any facts to be able to break down what he is about to do so he is panicked and very anxious about what lies ahead. After he arrives at Willow Springs, he begins to loosen up on the fact that just because the island is mysterious, does not mean that it will be unbearable to stay there, and that it is actually somewhat of a paradise. Another example of how George is unable to handle all that the island holds is when Miranda and Abigail are talking about how George would not be able to survive. They say worrisomely, â€Å"George ain’t never gonna believe this, Miranda. Go to him with some mess like this, and he’d be sure we were senile. 'That’s right. So we gotta wait for him to feel the need to come to us. I’ll have to stay out at the other place. And when he’s ready, head him in my direction. 'That